(±)-Metalaxyl
Identification Number: CASRN | 57837-19-1

  Substance Attributes

• Metabolic Interference or Disruption

  Interferes with human metabolism. This can be a very serious thing. Some of these interference mechanics are well established. However, often long term effects and health consequences remain largely unknown. Additionally an emerging area of concern and one that is not currently studied, is the combined synergistic effects these metabolically disrupting chemicals have on human health.

  
  

  Metabolic interference happens when the substance produces highly reactive and often damaging intermediates during detoxification or when the substance binds to specific enzymes, important structural groups on molecules, receptors and membranes or targets DNA or mimics key nutrients.

• Exposure Produces Health Symptoms

  Symptoms maybe short term or long term depending on the exposure duration and intensity and effects areas like Cardiovascular, Gastrointestinal, Cognition, Fatigue. A substance with this attribute may cause an allergic skin reaction, serious eye irritation, allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled.

• Toxic to Wildlife

  May kill plants, fish, birds or other animals and insects or may be very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. This then effects delicate environmental ecology and food supply in ways we don't fully understand yet.

These attributes are ONLY based on peer-reviewed evidence. See link to Data Sources below. Everyone benefits from knowing this stuff. Please Share.

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• CATEGORIES: Pesticide | Household Toxin | Food Toxin | Synthetic Toxin | PESTICIDE active ingredient | organic | fungicide | Pesticide or Plant Growth Regulator Approved in Australia | Pesticide approved in USA (California) | Pesticide approved or pending approval in EU | A Hazardous Substance that may be found in the Australian Workplace
• SUBSTANCE LINEAGE: Organic Compounds | Organic Acids and Derivatives | Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues | Alpha Amino Acid Esters
• SYNONYMS: (+-)-Metalaxyl | (r)-Metalaxyl | (±)-metalaxyl | Allegiance | Apron | Apron 2E | Apron FL | Apron SD 35 | Caswell No. 375AA | D,L-N-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)-N-(2'-methoxyacetyl)alaninate de methyle | Mefenoxam | Metalasyl | Metalaxil | Metalaxyl | Metanaxin | Metasyl | Metaxanin | Methyl 2-[(methoxyacetyl)-2,6-dimethylanilino]propanoate | Methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)-DL-alaninate | Methyl N-(2-methoxyacetyl)-N-(2,6-xylyl)-DL-alaninate | N-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)-alanine methyl ester | rac-Metalaxyl | Ridomil 2E | Ridomil 72WP | Ridomil vino | Subdue 2E | Subdue 5SP
• DESCRIPTION: (±)-Metalaxyl is a systemic agricultural fungicide belonging to the family of Depsipeptides. These are natural or synthetic compounds having sequences of amino and hydroxy carboxylic acid residues (usually I-amino and I-hydroxy acids), commonly but not necessarily regularly alternating.
• COMMENTS: Residues of this pesticide are tested for on Australian Foods | Pesticide approved in Australia
  
  From Safe Work Australia and the Hazardous Substances Information System (HSIS) in Australia:
  
  Harmful if swallowed. May cause an allergic skin reaction. Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects | General Health Hazard | A Hazardous Substance that may be found in the Australian Workplace. Check with your employer or health and safety officer. Stay informed and become aware of the dangers that surround you. This chemical is included on the list of recognised hazardous chemicals from the Safe Work Australia - Hazardous Substances Information System (HSIS) that is based on the Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
  
  Work Health and Safety (WHS) Regulations are the basis for hazardous chemicals regulations in Commonwealth, State and Territory jurisdictions in Australia. Under the model WHS Regulations, manufacturers and importers of substances, mixtures and articles supplied for use in workplaces are required to determine whether they are hazardous to health and safety before supply. The model WHS Regulations mandate that the hazards of a chemical as determined by the Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) must be included in safety data sheets and on labels. There are transitional arrangements in place for moving to the GHS-based system.
  
  The GHS Hazardous Chemical Information List contains chemicals classified by an authoritative source (such as the European Commission or NICNAS) in accordance with the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (the GHS). This list contains the vast majority of chemicals currently in HSIS. This list and its detail are regularly updated by Work Safe Australia. The model Work Health and Safety (WHS) Regulations require chemicals to be classified in accordance with the Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). However transitional arrangements allow use of classification information in HSIS derived from the Approved Criteria until the 31 December 2016.
• 
• FORMULA: C15H21NO4
• DATA SOURCES: DATA SOURCES: T3DB | PubChem | Consolidated Pesticide Information Dataset (CPI) from the USA EPA | Compendium of Pesticide Common Names | APVMA | DPR | EU Pesticides | Safe Work Australia - Hazardous Substances Information System (HSIS)
• LAST UPDATE: 28/04/2018

  Health Associations

Mostly focused on Health Implications of Long Term Exposure to this substance

• SYMPTOMS: Metalaxyl is mildly irritating to the skin and eyes. Exposure to metalaxyl often results in such nonspecific symptoms as headache, dizziness, weakness, and nausea. Metaxyl poisoning can produce an allergic hypersensitivity dermatitis or asthma with bronchospasm and wheezing with chronic exposure. (T36)
• POSSIBLE HEALTH CONSEQUENCES: ARDS/acute lung injury, burns of the esophagus or gastrointestinal tract can result from metalaxyl poisoning. (T36) | Three major and one minor metabolic pathways are proposed. One pathway involves hydrolysis of the ether, followed by oxidation of the resulting alcohol, ester hydrolysis, or N-dealkylation of the ester chain. A second pathway involves oxidation of an aromatic methyl to the benzylic acid or ester hydrolysis. The third major pathway is ester hydrolysis, sometimes followed by benzylic acid formation. The minor pathway involves hydroxylation at the meta position of the phenyl ring. The majority of urinary metabolites are conjugated (glucuronide or sulfate) whereas fecal metabolites are mostly unconjugated. The major metabolite in urine & feces is N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(hydroxyacetyl) alanine. Metalaxyl is excreted in urine and the feces. (L918)
• ACTION OF TOXIN: Binds to nAChRs in nervous systems. It also causes endocrine disruption in humans by binding to and inhibiting the estrogen receptor. (T10, A590) | Binds to nAChRs in nervous systems. (T10)
• TOXIN SITES OF ACTION IN CELL: "Cytoplasm", "Extracellular", "Membrane"
• Additional Exposure Routes: Widely used selective herbicide worldwide in corn, soybean and other crop cultures. Elevated concentrations of this herbicide and its degradation products have been detected in surface and groundwater. (A252)

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