Chlorothalonil
Identification Number: CASRN | 1897-45-6

  Substance Attributes

• Known Human Carcinogen

  This is a serious nasty substance. Exposure to this substance leads to cancer in Humans. Exercise extreme caution with this substance, explore your exposure routes and very seriously consider complete avoidance. See further details under Toxins.

• Carcinogenic Properties

  Accumulating evidence points to cancer potential. Exercise caution with this substance, explore your exposure routes and consider complete avoidance. See further details under Toxins.

• Metabolic Interference or Disruption

  Interferes with human metabolism. This can be a very serious thing. Some of these interference mechanics are well established. However, often long term effects and health consequences remain largely unknown. Additionally an emerging area of concern and one that is not currently studied, is the combined synergistic effects these metabolically disrupting chemicals have on human health.

  
  

  Metabolic interference happens when the substance produces highly reactive and often damaging intermediates during detoxification or when the substance binds to specific enzymes, important structural groups on molecules, receptors and membranes or targets DNA or mimics key nutrients.

• Exposure Produces Health Symptoms

  Symptoms maybe short term or long term depending on the exposure duration and intensity and effects areas like Cardiovascular, Gastrointestinal, Cognition, Fatigue. A substance with this attribute may cause an allergic skin reaction, serious eye irritation, allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled.

• Serious Acute Effects

  This is a serious nasty substance. Effects are Acute (seen immediately). Substances in this category may be FATAL or acutely toxic if inhaled, skin contact or swallowed. See further details.

• Toxic to Wildlife

  May kill plants, fish, birds or other animals and insects or may be very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. This then effects delicate environmental ecology and food supply in ways we don't fully understand yet.

• Toxic to Bees

  Bees pollinate plants. No pollination no plants. No plants no food. We go hungry or starve.

These attributes are ONLY based on peer-reviewed evidence. See link to Data Sources below. Everyone benefits from knowing this stuff. Please Share.

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• CATEGORIES: Pesticide | Household Toxin | Synthetic Toxin | PESTICIDE active ingredient | organic | fungicide | bactericide | nematicide | Inert Pesticide Ingredient USA - Non Food Use Only | Pesticide or Plant Growth Regulator Approved in Australia | Pesticide approved in USA (California) | Pesticide approved or pending approval in EU | Slightly Toxic and Dangerous to Bees. Currently used in USA as a pesticide | A Hazardous Substance that may be found in the Australian Workplace
• SUBSTANCE LINEAGE: Organic Compounds | Benzenoids | Benzene and Substituted Derivatives | Benzonitriles | Benzonitriles
• SYNONYMS: 1,3-Dicyano-2,4,5,6-tetrachlorobenzene | 1,3-Dicyanotetrachlorobenzene | 2,4,5,6-Tetrachloro-1,3-benzenedicarbonitrile | 2,4,5,6-Tetrachloro-1,3-benzenedicarbonitrile (8CI) | 2,4,5,6-Tetrachloro-1,3-benzenedicarbonitrile (8CI)(9CI) | 2,4,5,6-Tetrachloro-1,3-dicyanobenzene | 2,4,5,6-Tetrachloro-3-cyanobenzonitrile | 2,4,5,6-tetrachlorobenzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile | 2,4,5,6-Tetrachloroisophthalonitrile | 2,4:5,6-Tetrachloroisophthalonitrile | BB chlorothalonil | Bombardier | Bonide | Bravo | Bravo 500 | Bravo 6f | Bravo-W-75 | Chiltern ole | Chloroalonil | Chlorothalonil solution | Chlorothanonil | Chlorthalonil | Clortocaf ramato | Clortocaffaro | Clortosip | Contact 75 | Dacobre | Daconil | Daconil 2787 | Daconil 2787 flowable fungicide | Daconil 2787 W-75 Fungicide | Daconil 2787 W75 | Daconil flowable | Daconil m | Daconil turf | DaconilDAC-2787 | Dacosoil | Dexol fungicide containing daconil | Dragon daconil 2787 | Echo 75 | Evade | Exotherm | Exotherm termil | Faber | Farber | Ferti-lome | Forturf | Groutcide 75 | Hydroxychlorothalonil | Jupital | M-TCPN | M-tetrachlorophthalodinitrile | M-tetrachlorophthalonitrile | Meta-TCPN | Meta-tetrachlorophthalodinitrile | Nopcocide | Nopcocide N 96 | Nopcocide N-40-D | Nopcocide N-96 | Nopcocide N-96-S | Nopcocide N40D and N96 | Nuocide | OLE | Ortho Multi-Purpose Fungicide Dacon il 2787 | Ortho multi-purpose fungicide daconil 2787 | Pennington's pride multi-purpose fungicide | Pillarich | Power chlorothalonil 50 | Pro-care multi-purpose fungicide | PS1020 SUPELCO | Repulse | Security fungi-g ard | Security fungi-gard | Siclor | Sipcam UK rover 500 | Sweep | Taloberg | TCIN | Termil | Terraclactyl | Tetrachlorisoftalonitril | Tetrachloro-1,3-dicyanobenzene | Tetrachloro-m-phthalodinitrile | Tetrachloroisophthalodinitrile | Tetrachloroisophthalonitrile | Tetrachloroisophthalonitrilem-tetrachlorophthalodinitrile | TPN | TPN (pesticide) | Tripart faber | Tripart ultrafaber | Tuffcide | Vanox
• DESCRIPTION: Chlorothalonil is a chemical compound of cyanide and a non-systemic fungicide. Chlorothalonil-containing products are sold under the names Bravo, Echo, and Daconil. It is used predominantly on peanuts, potatoes, and tomatoes. It is also used on golf courses and lawns and as an additive in some paints. (L597)
• COMMENTS: Residues of this pesticide are tested for on Australian Foods | Pesticide approved in Australia
  
  From Safe Work Australia and the Hazardous Substances Information System (HSIS) in Australia:
  
  Suspected of causing cancer. Fatal if inhaled. May cause respiratory irritation. Causes serious eye damage. May cause an allergic skin reaction. Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects | Chronic Health Hazard Environmental Hazard Acutely Toxic | A Hazardous Substance that may be found in the Australian Workplace. Check with your employer or health and safety officer. Stay informed and become aware of the dangers that surround you. This chemical is included on the list of recognised hazardous chemicals from the Safe Work Australia - Hazardous Substances Information System (HSIS) that is based on the Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
  
  Work Health and Safety (WHS) Regulations are the basis for hazardous chemicals regulations in Commonwealth, State and Territory jurisdictions in Australia. Under the model WHS Regulations, manufacturers and importers of substances, mixtures and articles supplied for use in workplaces are required to determine whether they are hazardous to health and safety before supply. The model WHS Regulations mandate that the hazards of a chemical as determined by the Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) must be included in safety data sheets and on labels. There are transitional arrangements in place for moving to the GHS-based system.
  
  The GHS Hazardous Chemical Information List contains chemicals classified by an authoritative source (such as the European Commission or NICNAS) in accordance with the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (the GHS). This list contains the vast majority of chemicals currently in HSIS. This list and its detail are regularly updated by Work Safe Australia. The model Work Health and Safety (WHS) Regulations require chemicals to be classified in accordance with the Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). However transitional arrangements allow use of classification information in HSIS derived from the Approved Criteria until the 31 December 2016.
• 
• FORMULA: C8Cl4N2
• DATA SOURCES: DATA SOURCES: ARTICLE 4 | CPDB | T3DB | PubChem | IARC | OEHHA | Consolidated Pesticide Information Dataset (CPI) from the USA EPA | Compendium of Pesticide Common Names | APVMA | DPR | EU Pesticides | EPA USA - Pesticide Inerts | Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation; Honeybee pesticide poisoning: a risk management tool for Australian farmers and beekeepers 2012 | Beekeeping -Department of Entomology - PROTECTING HONEY BEES FROM PESTICIDES, Christian H. Krupke et al.; www.extension.purdue.edu | Safe Work Australia - Hazardous Substances Information System (HSIS)
• LAST UPDATE: 28/04/2018

  Health Associations

Mostly focused on Health Implications of Long Term Exposure to this substance

• SYMPTOMS: Cyanide poisoning is identified by rapid, deep breathing and shortness of breath, general weakness, giddiness, headaches, vertigo, confusion, convulsions/seizures and eventually loss of consciousness. (L96, L97)
• POSSIBLE HEALTH CONSEQUENCES: Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. (L96, L97) | Organic nitriles are converted into cyanide ions through the action of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver. Cyanide is rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout the body. Cyanide is mainly metabolized into thiocyanate by either rhodanese or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase. Cyanide metabolites are excreted in the urine. (L96)
• ACTION OF TOXIN: Organic nitriles decompose into cyanide ions both in vivo and in vitro. Consequently the primary mechanism of toxicity for organic nitriles is their production of toxic cyanide ions or hydrogen cyanide. Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (L97) | Cyanide inhibits alkaline phosphatases. (A73)
• TOXIN SITES OF ACTION IN CELL: "Membrane"
• Additional Exposure Routes: Chlorothalonil is a non-systemic fungicide. It is used predominantly on peanuts, potatoes, and tomatoes. It is also used on golf courses and lawns and as an additive in some paints. (L597)

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