Indoxacarb
Identification Number: CASRN | 173584-44-6

  Substance Attributes

• Metabolic Interference or Disruption

  Interferes with human metabolism. This can be a very serious thing. Some of these interference mechanics are well established. However, often long term effects and health consequences remain largely unknown. Additionally an emerging area of concern and one that is not currently studied, is the combined synergistic effects these metabolically disrupting chemicals have on human health.

  
  

  Metabolic interference happens when the substance produces highly reactive and often damaging intermediates during detoxification or when the substance binds to specific enzymes, important structural groups on molecules, receptors and membranes or targets DNA or mimics key nutrients.

• Exposure Produces Health Symptoms

  Symptoms maybe short term or long term depending on the exposure duration and intensity and effects areas like Cardiovascular, Gastrointestinal, Cognition, Fatigue. A substance with this attribute may cause an allergic skin reaction, serious eye irritation, allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled.

• Toxic to Bees

  Bees pollinate plants. No pollination no plants. No plants no food. We go hungry or starve.

These attributes are ONLY based on peer-reviewed evidence. See link to Data Sources below. Everyone benefits from knowing this stuff. Please Share.

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• CATEGORIES: Pesticide | Household Toxin | Synthetic Toxin | PESTICIDE active ingredient | organic | insecticide | Pesticide or Plant Growth Regulator Approved in Australia | Pesticide approved in USA (California) | Pesticide approved or pending approval in EU | Highly Toxic and Dangerous to bees. Currently used in USA | Australia as a pesticide | A Hazardous Substance that may be found in the Australian Workplace
• SUBSTANCE LINEAGE: Organic Compounds | Benzenoids | Benzene and Substituted Derivatives | Phenylcarbamates | Phenylcarbamates
• SYNONYMS: Avaunt | Steward
• DESCRIPTION: Indoxacarb is an oxadiazine pesticide developed by DuPont that acts against lepidopteran larvae. It is marketed under the names Indoxacarb Technical Insecticide, Steward Insecticide and Avaunt Insecticide. It is also used as the active ingredient in DuPont's line of commercial pesticides: Advion and Arilon.
• COMMENTS: Residues of this pesticide are tested for on Australian Foods | Pesticide approved in Australia Dangerous to bees. DO NOT apply when bees are actively foraging. Avoid direct application or drift of the spray mix onto beehives. After the spray has dried, bees can safely forage flowering crops.
  
  From Safe Work Australia and the Hazardous Substances Information System (HSIS) in Australia:
  
  | | A Hazardous Substance that may be found in the Australian Workplace. Check with your employer or health and safety officer. Stay informed and become aware of the dangers that surround you. This chemical is included on the list of recognised hazardous chemicals from the Safe Work Australia - Hazardous Substances Information System (HSIS) that is based on the Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
  
  Work Health and Safety (WHS) Regulations are the basis for hazardous chemicals regulations in Commonwealth, State and Territory jurisdictions in Australia. Under the model WHS Regulations, manufacturers and importers of substances, mixtures and articles supplied for use in workplaces are required to determine whether they are hazardous to health and safety before supply. The model WHS Regulations mandate that the hazards of a chemical as determined by the Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) must be included in safety data sheets and on labels. There are transitional arrangements in place for moving to the GHS-based system.
  
  The GHS Hazardous Chemical Information List contains chemicals classified by an authoritative source (such as the European Commission or NICNAS) in accordance with the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (the GHS). This list contains the vast majority of chemicals currently in HSIS. This list and its detail are regularly updated by Work Safe Australia. The model Work Health and Safety (WHS) Regulations require chemicals to be classified in accordance with the Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). However transitional arrangements allow use of classification information in HSIS derived from the Approved Criteria until the 31 December 2016.
• 
• FORMULA: C22H17ClF3N3O7
• DATA SOURCES: DATA SOURCES: ARTICLE 4 | T3DB | PubChem | Consolidated Pesticide Information Dataset (CPI) from the USA EPA | Compendium of Pesticide Common Names | APVMA | DPR | EU Pesticides | Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation; Honeybee pesticide poisoning: a risk management tool for Australian farmers and beekeepers 2012 | Beekeeping -Department of Entomology - PROTECTING HONEY BEES FROM PESTICIDES, Christian H. Krupke et al.; www.extension.purdue.edu | Safe Work Australia - Hazardous Substances Information System (HSIS)
• LAST UPDATE: 28/04/2018

  Health Associations

Mostly focused on Health Implications of Long Term Exposure to this substance

• SYMPTOMS: Human toxicity includes eye irritation, blurred vision, skin sensitization with allergic rashes, alteration in blood cell counts, and/or anemia (A15205). As methemoglobin levels increase, typical symptoms develop. Levels of 20 – 50% will cause respiratory distress, dizziness, headache, and fatigue as in this case. Lethargy and stupor develop at levels around 50% and death may occur around 70%. (A15206)
• POSSIBLE HEALTH CONSEQUENCES: Acute ingestion of indoxacarb causes methemoglobinemia (A15205). Indoxacarb poisoning has also been associated with acute kidney injury, involving acute renal failure and severe metabolic acidosis (A15207). A case involving rhabdomyolysis, in addition to methemoglobinemia and acute kidney injury, has also been reported (A15206). | Metabolism in rats after oral dosing noted that most of the dose was excreted within 96 h. In urine, metabolites were cleaved products (indane or trifluoromethoxyphenyl ring products), whereas in feces, major metabolites retained both these moieties. Major metabolic reactions included hydroxylation of the indane ring, hydrolysis of the carboxymethyl group from the amino nitrogen, and opening of the oxadiazine ring, which gave rise to cleaved products. (A15205)
• ACTION OF TOXIN: It is thought that indoxacarb's aromatic metabolites biotransform to active intermediates that produce methemoglobin (A15207). The mechanism of indoxacarb-induced renal injury and metabolic acidosis in humans remains unclear. (A15207) It has been suggested that acute kidney injury results from indoxacarb-induced circulatory shock (A15206). Rhabdomyolysis may have been induced by methemoglobinemia (A15206). |
• TOXIN SITES OF ACTION IN CELL: "Membrane"
• Additional Exposure Routes: This is a man-made compound that is used as an insecticide.

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